Three-dimensional technologies used for patient specific applications in orthopedics

Abstract

After the advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, and especially in the last decade, orthopedic surgeons began to apply this innovative technology in almost all areas of orthopedic traumatic surgery. In this paper the available 3D technologies are presented, which have as a starting point the acquisition of medical images, followed by design, numerical simulation, printing and integration of technologies in a clinical workflow for specific applications in orthopedics. It is also presented the current state of 3D technologies employment in orthopedic applications such as: visualization and preoperative planning, trauma, elective orthopedic surgery, guides and custom surgical instrumentation, implants, orthopedic fixators, orthoses, prostheses. There is a need to further explore the vast potential of 3D technologies in many other areas of orthopedics and to accommodate healthcare professionals with these technologies, as well as to study their effectiveness compared to conventional methods.