The impact of body mass index on lipid profile, blood pressure, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight the impact of body mass index on the lipid profile, blood pressure, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study on 294 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hospitalized between 01.06.2018 - 01.06.2019. Subjects were divided into three groups according to body mass index value: group 1 - normal weight, group 2 - overweight, and group 3 - obesity.

Results: Out of the 294 subjects, 59.2% were females. There were 41 subjects in group 1, 89 subjects in group 2, and 164 subjects in group 3. The lipid profile was normal in 68.3% of cases in group 1, being abnormal in 49.4% of cases in group 2 and 56.1% of cases in group 3.  We found a statistically significant difference between triglycerides levels in the three groups among males (P = <0.001) and females (P = 0.004). Arterial hypertension was found in 91.2% of cases, its prevalence being statistically significant higher in females (94.8%) than in males (85.8%) (P = 0.011). Most subjects had a poor glycemic control (89.1%) without any statistically significant differences among the three groups.

Conclusions: An increased body mass index in type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the prevalence of various cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, while glycemic control seems more influenced by the duration of the disease.